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4.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 41(2): 116-123, Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003535

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To evaluate if performing anti-incontinence procedures during surgical anterior and/or apical prolapse correction in women with asymptomatic urinary incontinence (UI) may prevent stress urinary incontinence (SUI) postoperatively. Methods We have performed a systematic review of articles published in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Lilacs databases until March 31, 2016. Two reviewers performed the data collection and analysis, independently. All of the selected studiesweremethodologically analyzed. The results are presented as relative risk (RR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results After performing the selection of the studies, only nine trials fulfilled the necessary prerequisites. In the present review, 1,146 patients were included. Altogether, the review included trials of three different types of anti-incontinence procedures. We found that performing any anti-incontinence procedure at the same time of prolapse repair reduced the incidence of SUI postoperatively (RR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28-0.91). However, when we performed the analysis separately by the type of anti-incontinence procedure, we found different results. In the subgroup analysis with midurethral slings, it is beneficial to perform it to reduce the incidence of SUI (RR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.02-0.28). On the other hand, in the subgroup analysis with Burch colposuspension, there was no significant difference with the control group (RR = 1.47; 95% CI: 0.28-7.79]). Conclusion Performing any prophylactic anti-incontinence procedure at the same time as prolapse repair reduced the incidence of SUI postoperatively. The Burch colposuspension did not show any decrease in the incidence of SUI postoperatively.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar se a realização de procedimentos anti-incontinência durante a correção cirúrgica do prolapso anterior e/ou apical em mulheres assintomáticas para incontinência urinária (IU) pode prevenir a incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE) no pós-operatório. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática dos artigos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library e Lilacs até o dia 31 de março de 2016. Dois revisores realizaram a coleta e a análise de dados, de forma independente. Todos os estudos selecionados foram analisados metodologicamente. Os resultados estão apresentados como risco relativo (RR), com 95% de intervalo de confiança (IC). Resultados: Após a seleção do estudo, apenas nove estudos preencheram os prérequisitos necessários. Nesta revisão, 1.146 pacientes foram incluídos. No total, a revisão incluiu ensaios de três tipos diferentes de procedimentos anti-incontinência. Descobrimos que realizar qualquer procedimento anti-incontinência ao mesmo tempo que o reparo do prolapso reduziu a incidência de IU no pós-operatório (RR = 0,50; IC 95%: 0,28-0,91). No entanto, quando fizemos a análise separadamente pelo tipo de procedimento antiincontinência, encontramos resultados diferentes. Na análise de subgrupos com slings miduretrais, é benéfico realizá-lo para reduzir a incidência de IU (RR = 0,08; IC 95%: 0,02- 0,28). Por outro lado, na análise de subgrupo com colposuspensão de Burch, não houve diferença significativa com o grupo controle (RR = 1,47; IC 95%: 0,28-7,79]). Conclusão: A realização de qualquer procedimento profilático anti-incontinência ao mesmo tempo que o reparo do prolapso reduziu a incidência de IUE no pós-operatório. A colposuspensão de Burch nãomostrou diminuição na incidência de IUE no pós-operatório.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Urinary Incontinence/surgery , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Urologic Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/prevention & control , Brazil , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Suburethral Slings/statistics & numerical data , Pelvic Organ Prolapse/surgery
5.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 40(4): 225-231, Apr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958982

ABSTRACT

Abstract We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials that studied non-neurogenic overactive bladder patients who were treated with 100 units of onabotulinumtoxinA or placebo. The primary purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness with regard to urinary urgency, urinary frequency, nocturia, and incontinence episodes. Our secondary purpose consisted of evaluating the adverse effects. Our initial search yielded 532 entries. Of these, seven studies met all the inclusion criteria (prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled studies, ≥ 3 points on the Jadad scale) and were selected for analysis. For all primary endpoints, the toxin was more effective than placebo (p < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval [95CI]), namely: urgency (mean difference = -2.07; 95CI = [-2.55-1.58]), voiding frequency (mean difference = - 1.64; 95CI = [-2.10-1.18]), nocturia (mean difference = -0.25; 95CI = [-0.39-0.11]) and incontinence episodes (mean difference = -2.06; 95CI= [-2.60-1.52]). The need for intermittent catheterization and the occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) were more frequent in patients treated with onabotulinumtoxinA than in patients treated with placebo (p < 0.0001). Compared with placebo, onabotulinumtoxinA had significantly and clinically relevant reductions in overactive bladder symptoms and is associated with higher incidence of intermittent catheterization and UTI.


Resumo Realizou-se revisão sistemática emetanálise de estudos clínicos prospectivos, randomizados e placebo-controlados que comparavam a toxina botulínica ao placebo no tratamento da bexiga hiperativa. O objetivo primário desta metanálise foi avaliar a eficácia da toxina botulínica em relação à urgência urinária, frequência miccional, noctúria e episódios de incontinência. O objetivo secundário foi avaliar os efeitos adversos. Selecionamos estudos que incluíram somente pacientes com bexiga hiperativa não-neurogênica tratada com 100 unidades de onabotulinum toxina A ou placebo (grupo controle). Foram encontrados 532 estudos após as buscas iniciais, dos quais sete apresentaram todos os critérios de inclusão (estudos prospectivos, randomizados, placebo-controlados, ≥ 3pontosnaescalade Jadad) e fizeram parte desta análise. Para todos os objetivosprimários a toxina foimais eficaz do que o placebo, comp < 0,0001 e intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%: urgência (diferençamédia = -2,07, IC=[-2,55; -1,58]), freqüênciamiccional (diferençamédia=-1,64, IC=[-2,10; -1,18]), noctúria (diferençamédia=-0,25, IC=[-0,39; -0,11]) e episódios de incontinência (diferença média = -2,06, IC= [-2,60; -1,52]). A necessidade de cateterização intermitente e a ocorrência de infecção urinária (ITU) forammais frequentes no grupo toxina na comparação como grupo placebo (p < 0,0001). A toxina botulínica promoveu melhora significativa dos sintomas de bexiga hiperativa na comparação com o placebo. Entretanto, está associada a uma maior incidência de cateterismo intermitente e infecção do trato urinário.


Subject(s)
Botulinum Toxins, Type A , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/drug therapy , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Prospective Studies
7.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 38(7): 356-364, July 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794826

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a major health issue worldwide, affecting 6- 8% of women. The most affected site is the anterior vaginal wall. Multiple procedures and surgical techniques have been used,with or without the use of vaginalmeshes, due to common treatment failure, reoperations, and complication rates in some studies. Methods Systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis regarding the use of vaginal mesh in anterior vaginal wall prolapse was performed. A total of 115 papers were retrieved after using the medical subject headings (MESH) terms: 'anterior pelvic organ prolapse OR cystocele AND surgery AND (mesh or colporrhaphy)' in the PubMed database. Exclusion criteria were: follow-up shorter than 1 year, use of biological or absorbable meshes, and inclusion of other vaginal wall prolapses. Studies were put in a data chart by two independent editors; results found in at least two studies were grouped for analysis. Results After the review of the titles by two independent editors, 70 studies were discarded, and after abstract assessment, 18 trials were eligible for full text screening. For final screening and meta-analysis, after applying the Jadad score (> 2), 12 studies were included. Objective cure was greater in the mesh surgery group (odds ratio [OR] = 1,28 [1,07-1,53]), which also had greater blood loss (mean deviation [MD] = 45,98 [9,72-82,25]), longer surgery time (MD = 15,08 [0,48-29,67]), but less prolapse recurrence (OR = 0,22 [01,3-0,38]). Dyspareunia, symptom resolution and reoperation rates were not statistically different between groups. Quality of life (QOL) assessment through the pelvic organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual questionnaire (PISQ-12), the pelvic floor distress inventory (PFDI-20), the pelvic floor impact questionnaire (PFIQ-7), and the perceived quality of life scale (PQOL) was not significantly different. Conclusions Anterior vaginal prolapse mesh surgery has greater anatomic cure rates and less recurrence, although there were no differences regarding subjective cure, reoperation rates and quality of life. Furthermore, mesh surgery was associated with longer surgical time and greater blood loss. Mesh use should be individualized, considering prior history and risk factors for recurrence.


Resumo Introdução Prolapso de órgãos pélvicos é problema de saúde públicas, sendo o mais comumo anterior. Para tratamento são utilizadas cirurgias, comou semtelas. O uso de telas é para diminuir recidivas, mas não h á consenso. Métodos Foi realizada revisão da literatura e metanálise, sobre uso de telas na correção do prolapso anterior. Base de dados foi PUBMED , com termos (MESH): "Anterior Pelvic Organ OR Cystocele AND Surgery AND (Mesh or Colporrhaphy)". Critérios de exclusão foram: seguimento menor que 1 ano, telas biológicas ou absorvíveis. Resultados: foram avaliados 115 artigos. Após revisão dos títulos, 70 estudos foram descartados e 18 após leitura de resumos. Após critérios de Jadad (>2), 12 estudos foram incluídos. Análise estatística foi razão de risco ou diferença entre médias dos grupos, e as análises com grande heterogeneidade foram avaliadas através de análise de efeito aleatório. Resultados Cura objetiva foi superior no grupo com tela - OR 1,28 (1,07-1,53, p 1 0,00001), maior perda sanguínea - diferença média (MD) 45,98 (9,72-82,25, p = 0,01), tempo cirúrgico mais longo - MD 15,08 (0,48-29,67, p = 0,04), porém menor recorrência - OR 0,22 (0,13-0,38, p = 0,00001), não apresentando maior resolução dos sintomas - OR 1,93 (0,83-4,51, p = 0,15). Dispareunia e taxa de reoperação também não foram diferentes entre grupos. Qualidade de vida não apresentou diferença. Conclusões Cirurgia com tela para prolapso vaginal anterior apresenta melhor taxa de cura anatômica e menor recorrência, sem diferenças cura subjetiva, reoperação e qualidade de vida. Há maior tempo cirúrgico e perda sanguínea. Uso de telas deve ser individualizado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pelvic Organ Prolapse/surgery , Surgical Mesh , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/instrumentation
8.
Clinics ; 71(2): 94-100, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774537

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different bulking agents for treating urinary incontinence in women, a systematic review including only randomized controlled trials was performed. The subjects were women with urinary incontinence. The primary outcomes were clinical and urodynamic parameters. The results were presented as a weighted mean difference for non-continuous variables and as relative risk for continuous variables, both with 95% confidence intervals. Initially, 942 studies were identified. However, only fourteen eligible trials fulfilled the prerequisites. Altogether, the review included 1814 patients in trials of eight different types of bulking agents, and all studies were described and analyzed. The measured outcomes were evaluated using a large variety of instruments. The most common complications of the bulking agents were urinary retention and urinary tract infection. Additionally, there were certain major complications, such as one case of death after use of autologous fat. However, the lack of adequate studies, the heterogeneous populations studied, the wide variety of materials used and the lack of long-term follow-up limit guidance of practice. To determine which substance is the most suitable, there is a need for more randomized clinical trials that compare existing bulking agents based on standardized clinical outcomes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Collagen/administration & dosage , Silicones/administration & dosage , Urethra , Urinary Incontinence/drug therapy , Acrylic Resins/administration & dosage , Dimethylpolysiloxanes/administration & dosage , Glucans/administration & dosage , Hydrogels/administration & dosage , Injections/methods , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment Outcome , Zirconium/administration & dosage
9.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 38(2): 97-111, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-775637

ABSTRACT

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that studied the conservative management of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). There were 1058 results after the initial searches, from which 37 studies were eligible according to previously determined inclusion criteria. For the primary outcomes, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) was more efficacious than no treatment in improving incontinence-specific quality of life (QoL) scales (SMD = [1]1.24SDs; CI 95% = [1]1.77 to [1]0.71SDs). However, its effect on pad tests was imprecise. Combining biofeedback with PFMT had an uncertain effect on QoL (MD = [1]4.4 points; CI 95% = [1]16.69 to 7.89 points), but better results on the pad test, although with elevated heterogeneity (MD = 0.9g; 95%CI = 0.71 to 1,10g); group PFMT was not less efficacious than individual treatment, and home PFMT was not consistently worse than supervised PFMT. Both intravaginal and superficial electrical stimulation (IES and SES) were better than no treatment for QoL and pad test. Vaginal cones had mixed results. The association of IES with PFMT may improve the efficacy of the latter for QoL and pad test, but the results of individual studies were not consistent. Thus, there is evidence of the use of PFMT on the treatment of SUI, with and without biofeedback.


Realizamos uma revisão sistemática e metanálise de estudos controlados e randomizados que avaliaram o tratamento conservador da incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE). Foram encontrados 1058 resultados depois das buscas iniciais, dos quais 37 trabalhos foram elegíveis de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. Para os desfechos primários, o treinamento muscular do assoalho pélvico (TMAP) foi mais eficaz do que nenhum tratamento em melhorar as escalas de qualidade de vida de incontinência (DM =[1]1,24 DPs; IC95% =[1]1,77 a [1]0,71 DPs), mas o efeito nos pad tests foi impreciso. A combinação do biofeedback com o TMAP teve um efeito incerto na qualidade de vida (DM=[1]4,4 pontos; IC95% =[1]16,69 a 7,89 pontos), mas melhores resultados no pad test, embora com heterogeneidade elevada (DM = 0,9g; IC95% = 0,71 a 1,10g); o grupo com TMAP não foi menos eficaz do que o tratamento individual, e o TMAP domiciliar não foi pior do que o TMAP supervisionado. Tanto a estimulação elétrica intravaginal (EEI) quanto a superficial (EES) foram melhores do que nenhum tratamento para a qualidade de vida e o pad test. Os cones vaginais apresentaram resultados mistos. A associação do EEI com o TMAP pode melhorar a eficácia deste último para a qualidade de vida e o pad test, mas os resultados dos estudos individuais não foram consistentes. Então, existe evidência para o uso do TMAP no tratamento da IUE, com e sem biofeedback.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Conservative Treatment , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/therapy , Exercise Therapy , Pelvic Floor , Quality of Life , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
10.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 62(1): 54-58, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777436

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY Objective: to determine the positive predictive value of clinical history in comparison with urodynamic study for the diagnosis of urinary incontinence. Methods: retrospective analysis comparing clinical history and urodynamic evaluation of 1,179 women with urinary incontinence. The urodynamic study was considered the gold standard, whereas the clinical history was the new test to be assessed. This was established after analyzing each method as the gold standard through the difference between their positive predictive values. Results: the positive predictive values of clinical history compared with urodynamic study for diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder and mixed urinary incontinence were, respectively, 37% (95% CI 31-44), 40% (95% CI 33-47) and 16% (95% CI 14-19). Conclusion: we concluded that the positive predictive value of clinical history was low compared with urodynamic study for urinary incontinence diagnosis. The positive predictive value was low even among women with pure stress urinary incontinence.


RESUMO Objetivo: determinar o valor preditivo positivo da história clínica em comparação ao estudo urodinâmico para o diagnóstico da incontinência urinária. Método: análise retrospectiva comparando história clínica e avaliação urodinâmica em 1.179 mulheres com incontinência urinária. O estudo urodinâmico foi considerado padrão-ouro, e a história clínica, o novo teste a ser avaliado. Isso foi estabelecido após análise de cada método como padrão-ouro pela diferença entre seus valores preditivos positivos. Resultados: o valor preditivo positivo da história clínica comparado ao estudo urodinâmico para diagnóstico de incontinência urinária de esforço, bexiga hiperativa e incontinência urinária mista foram, respectivamente, 37% (IC95% 31-44), 40% (IC95% 33-47) e 16% (IC95% 14-19). Conclusão: o valor preditivo positivo da história clínica foi baixo quando comparado ao estudo urodinâmico para diagnóstico de incontinência urinária. O valor preditivo positivo foi baixo mesmo em mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço pura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Urinary Incontinence/diagnosis , Urodynamics/physiology , Medical Records , Reference Values , Urinary Incontinence/physiopathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/physiopathology , Middle Aged
11.
Clinics ; 66(5): 785-791, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-593841

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate vaginal cone therapy in two phases, passive and active, in women with stress urinary incontinence. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São Paulo University, Brazil. Twenty-four women with a clinical and urodynamic diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence were treated with vaginal cones in a passive phase (without voluntary contractions of the pelvic floor) and an active phase (with voluntary contractions), each of which lasted three months. Clinical complaints, a functional evaluation of the pelvic floor, a pad test, and bladder neck mobility were analyzed before and after each phase. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients completed the treatment. The reduction in absolute risk with the pad test was 0.38 (p<0.034) at the end of the passive phase and 0.67 (p<0.0001) at the end of the active phase. The reduction in absolute risk with the pelvic floor evaluation was 0.62 (p<0.0001) at the end of the passive phase and 0.77 (p<0.0001) at the end of the active phase. The reduction in absolute risk of bladder neck mobility was 0.38 (p<0.0089) at the end of the passive phase and 0.52 (p<0.0005) at the end of the active phase. Complete reversal of symptomatology was observed in 12 (57.1 percent) patients, and satisfaction was expressed by 19 (90.4 percent). CONCLUSION: Using vaginal cones in the passive phase, as other researchers did, was effective. Inclusion of the active phase led to additional improvement in all of the study parameters evaluated in women with stress urinary incontinence. Randomized studies are needed, however, to confirm these results.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Exercise Therapy/instrumentation , Muscle Contraction/physiology , Pessaries , Pelvic Floor/physiopathology , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/therapy , Exercise Therapy/methods , Patient Satisfaction , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/physiopathology
12.
Femina ; 38(6)jun. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-562408

ABSTRACT

A incontinência urinária oculta (IUO) pode ocorrer em casos avançados de prolapso dos órgãos pélvicos (POP), quando este acarreta compressão externa ou acotovelamento da uretra e, dessa forma, encobre a incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE). Contudo, uma vez corrigido o prolapso, a paciente pode tornar-se incontinente. O diagnóstico de IUO pode ser feito com a redução do POP utilizando pessário, tampão vaginal, espéculo de Sims, pinças diversas com gazes e/ou redução digital durante o estudo urodinâmico. A identificação pré-operatória dessas pacientes pode possibilitar o tratamento concomitante da afecção, evitando um segundo procedimento cirúrgico. Alguns autores recomendam a cirurgia para correção de IUE em pacientes com prolapso estágios III e IV, enquanto outros preconizam avaliar a perda urinária após o tratamento do POP. Todavia, não está bem determinado qual o melhor método para diagnosticar a IUO e se os riscos superam o potencial benefício da cirurgia profilática para IUE nestes casos. Assim, nosso objetivo foi discutir os aspectos controversos relacionados ao diagnóstico e tratamento da IUO.


Occult urinary incontinence (OUI) can occur in advanced cases of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) when it causes external urethral compression or urethral kinking and, therefore, it hides the stress urinary incontinence (SUI). When the POP is surgically corrected, the patient may become incontinent. The diagnosis of OUI is made by the reduction of the POP using pessary, vaginal pack, Sims? speculum, several tweezers with gauze and/or digital reduction during urodynamic investigation. Preoperative identification of these patients allows the treatment of this pathology at the same moment of POP treatment avoiding a second surgery. Some authors recomend a prophylatic anti-incontinence surgery in patients with SUI stage III or IV and others prefer to evaluate urinary incontinence after POP repair. However, it is not determined which is the best method to diagnose OUI, as well as if the risks overtake the potencial benefits of SUI procedure in these cases. The objective of this article was to discuss the controversial aspects of diagnosis and the treatment of OUI.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/etiology , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/surgery , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/diagnosis , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/etiology , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/therapy , Pelvic Organ Prolapse/surgery , Urinary Retention/etiology , Diagnostic Techniques, Urological , Urodynamics
13.
Femina ; 37(9): 505-510, set. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539337

ABSTRACT

Os autores fazem revisão da literatura sobre os aspectos atuais do tratamento da bexiga hiperativa, afecção que compromete de forma significativa a qualidade de vida das mulheres. São analisadas, quanto à eficácia e efeitos colaterais, as diversas modalidades de tratamento, como a terapêutica medicamentosa, com suas doses e vias de administração, as medidas comportamentais, os exercícios perineais, a eletroestimulação transvaginal e do nervo tibial posterior, a neuromodulação sacral, a acupuntura e, também, a toxina botulínica intravesical. Citam ainda as novas drogas já aprovadas na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, com perspectiva de aprovação para sua utilização no Brasil e as expectativas futuras no tratamento desta afecção.


The authors reviewed the worldwide literature about the current aspects of the overactive bladder syndrome treatment, disease that significantly compromises the women's quality of life. Several types of the treatment are analyzed as efficacy and adverse effects on present medical treatment to coadjuvant therapies, like handling medically with doses and administration, behavior measurements, perineal exercises, transvaginal eletrostimulation, posterior tibial nerve stimulation, sacral nerve neuromodulation, acupuncture and also intravesical botox application. This article also emphasizes new perspectives of medical treatment relating drugs that have already been approved in Europe and United States and will probably be approved to be used in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Female , Acupuncture Therapy , Cholinergic Antagonists/therapeutic use , Behavior Therapy , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/drug therapy , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/therapy , Electric Stimulation , Physical Therapy Modalities , Quality of Life , Review Literature as Topic
14.
J. bras. ginecol ; 96(5): 207-11, maio 1986.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-34538

ABSTRACT

Apresenta-se ampla revisäo da literatura médica sobre o tema carcinoma micro-invasivo do colo uterino. Constitui-se tema de ampla controvérsia, desde sua definiçäo até o tratamento. Tem sido descrito como invasäo neoplásica de 1 mm até 9 mm do estroma a partir da membrana basal, devendo ser considerados a invasividade vascular sangüínea e linfática, mensuraçäo tridimensional e proliferaçäo do DNA nos diferentes estágios do tumor. No que concerne ao tipo histológico, há predominância do carcinoma epidermóide sobre o tipo misto e o adenocarcinoma. Quanto ao diagnóstico, foi descrita a grande importância da associaçäo entre citopatologia, colposcopia, curetagem endocervical e histopatologia obtida através da conizaçäo. A terapêutica tem sido abordada como sendo desde um cone biopsiado até uma histerectomia radical, que consiste no método preconizado pelos autores. Se durante a laparotomia for encontrado linfonodo pélvico suspeito, este é submetido a exame histológico pela congelaçäo. Em caso de positivo, prossegue-se à linfadenectomia pélvica


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Hysterectomy , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery
15.
Reproduçäo ; (1): 83-6, 1986. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-54474

ABSTRACT

Os autores fazem uma revisäo sobre os anticoncepcionais orais e seus efeitos sobre a coagulaçäo sanguínea. Abordam aspectos fisiológicos da hemostasia, coagulaçäo e trombose. Analisam pormenorizadamente os fatores de risco para trombose em usuárias dos anticonceptivos orais e relatam as principais conclusöes de interesse prático para o dia a dia do ginecologista


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Blood Coagulation , Contraceptives, Oral/adverse effects , Thromboembolism/chemically induced , Contraceptives, Oral/pharmacology , Risk , Tobacco
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